Understanding Recurrent Thrush: The Role of Oestrogen and the Vaginal Microbiome
Recurrent thrush is one of those frustrating health issues that no one wants to deal with. It’s uncomfortable, irritating, and can feel relentless, often making life incredibly difficult for many women. In my clinic, I encounter recurrent thrush a lot, and it’s more than just a nuisance; it can affect quality of life, emotional well-being, and intimate relationships.
Thrush, medically referred to as a yeast infection, is commonly caused by the overgrowth of Candida albicans, a type of fungus that naturally resides in the body. But did you know that your hormone levels, particularly oestrogen, play a significant role in whether or not you are prone to recurring yeast infections?
Let’s explore the connection between oestrogen, the vaginal microbiome, and recurrent thrush, so you can better understand why this happens and how you can take control.
How Oestrogen Influences Candida Overgrowth
One of the key culprits behind recurrent thrush is an imbalance in oestrogen levels. Oestrogen, an essential hormone in the female body, affects more than just your reproductive health. It also plays a major role in maintaining the balance of bacteria and yeast in the vaginal microbiome—the community of microorganisms living in the vaginal environment. When oestrogen levels are elevated, it creates a perfect environment for candida overgrowth.
Here's how:
1. Oestrogen and Glycogen: Fuelling Candida Growth
Elevated oestrogen increases the production of glycogen, a form of sugar that lines the vaginal walls. Glycogen serves as a direct food source for Candida, the yeast responsible for thrush. When glycogen levels rise, candida has plenty of nourishment to thrive and multiply, leading to an overgrowth that results in infection.
Research has shown that during periods of high oestrogen, such as pregnancy or certain phases of the menstrual cycle, glycogen levels naturally increase. This is one reason why women often experience recurrent thrush during these times. The surge in glycogen provides an ideal environment for candida to grow unchecked, leading to the uncomfortable symptoms of itching, irritation, and discharge.
2. Oestrogen’s Impact on the Immune System
Another factor is the way elevated oestrogen levels can suppress the immune system. While oestrogen is essential for many of the body’s functions, an excess can dampen immune responses, making it harder for the body to control the overgrowth of candida. When the immune system is less active, it becomes more difficult for your body to fight off recurring infections.
In fact, studies have suggested that high levels of oestrogen can inhibit the production of key immune cells that are responsible for defending against pathogens like candida. This means that when your body is under the influence of elevated oestrogen, it may not be able to mount an effective immune response to prevent yeast overgrowth.
During pregnancy, for example, the immune system naturally shifts to prevent the mother’s body from rejecting the foetus. This immune modulation, combined with elevated oestrogen levels, makes pregnant women particularly susceptible to yeast infections.
3. Disruption of Vaginal pH
Oestrogen also plays a role in regulating the pH balance of the vagina. A healthy vaginal environment is slightly acidic, with a pH of around 3.8 to 4.5. This acidity is crucial for maintaining a balance between beneficial bacteria and yeast.
One of the most important groups of bacteria in the vaginal microbiome is lactobacilli. These good bacteria help maintain the acidic environment by producing lactic acid, which inhibits the growth of harmful microorganisms, including candida. When oestrogen levels are high, it can disrupt this balance, reducing the population of lactobacilli and allowing candida to thrive.
As the vaginal pH becomes less acidic, the body loses one of its key defences against yeast overgrowth, leading to a higher risk of recurrent infections. This is why many women notice that their thrush tends to flare up before or after their period, when hormone levels fluctuate.
The Vaginal Microbiome: A Delicate Ecosystem
The vaginal microbiome is a delicate ecosystem that requires balance to function properly. An imbalance in the microbial community, also known as dysbiosis, can lead to a variety of health issues, including recurrent thrush. Factors like hormonal fluctuations, stress, poor diet, and even certain medications (such as antibiotics) can disrupt the microbiome, making it easier for candida to overgrow.
One of the tools I offer in my clinic is vaginal microbiome testing. This testing helps us identify imbalances in your vaginal flora and allows us to create a personalised treatment plan. By understanding the specific types of bacteria and yeast present in your vaginal environment, we can address the root cause of your recurrent infections and restore balance.
If you’re struggling with thrush that just won’t go away, send me a message or book a free call, and we can explore this option together!
Lifestyle Factors That Contribute to Thrush
While high oestrogen levels play a significant role in recurrent thrush, other lifestyle factors can also contribute to the problem. Here are a few things to be mindful of if you’re prone to yeast infections:
1. Diet
Sugar is a well-known contributor to candida overgrowth. Diets high in refined carbohydrates and sugars can feed candida and exacerbate yeast infections. Cutting back on sugary foods and focusing on a balanced diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, and proteins can help maintain a healthy balance of bacteria and yeast.
2. Stress
Chronic stress can negatively impact your immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off infections. Stress management techniques such as meditation, yoga, and deep breathing exercises can help to support your immune system.
3. Hygiene Practices
It’s important to avoid over-washing or using harsh soaps in the genital area, as these can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vaginal microbiome. Opt for gentle, fragrance-free cleansers, and avoid douching, which can upset the vaginal pH and make you more susceptible to infections. If you are prone to yeast infections, washing with only water is the best option to ensure no disturbances to the vaginal microbiome.
4. Clothing Choices
Wearing tight, non-breathable clothing, such as synthetic underwear or gym clothes, can create a warm, moist environment that encourages candida growth. Choose loose-fitting, breathable cotton or bamboo underwear to reduce the risk of infection. If possible, organic is best.
5. Lubricants
Studies tell us that almost all lubricants harm the vaginal microbiome, except for Jojoba oil. Jojoba oil is a great choice for vaginal health because it's hypoallergenic, non-comedogenic (won't clog pores), and closely resembles the skin's natural oils. It doesn't contain sugars or glycerin, which can feed yeast like Candida albicans, making it less likely to disrupt the vaginal microbiome. Jojoba oil is also pH-neutral, reducing the risk of irritation or infections, and it's soothing for sensitive skin. Additionally, it provides a smooth, long-lasting glide without the need for additives or chemicals that can upset the delicate balance of bacteria and yeast in the vaginal environment.
Take it slow and opt for natural lubrication
For many women, reaching full arousal and achieving natural lubrication through foreplay can take minimum 15 to 20 minutes, though it varies from person to person. Foreplay is not just about physical stimulation—it’s also about emotional connection and feeling comfortable. This time allows blood flow to the genital area to increase, enhancing natural lubrication and preparing the body for intercourse. Rushing through or skipping foreplay can lead to discomfort or the need for artificial lubricants, which disrupt the vaginal microbiome. Taking time for thorough foreplay supports both pleasure and vaginal health, reducing the risk of infections.
Restoring Balance
Recurrent thrush is a multifaceted issue that requires a holistic approach to treatment. Hormone levels, immune function, and the health of your vaginal microbiome all play a role in determining whether you are prone to recurring yeast infections.
By understanding how oestrogen affects your body, you can take steps to restore balance and prevent future infections. Whether it’s through dietary changes, stress management, or exploring hormone or vaginal microbiome testing, there are many ways to take control of your health and say goodbye to recurrent thrush.
If you’re curious about hormone or vaginal microbiome testing or would like to discuss personalised treatment options, please send me an email or book a free discovery call today.
