PCOS Explained: Root Causes, Symptoms & Natural Treatment Options
What is PCOS?
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine condition characterised by hormonal imbalances that can affect ovulation, metabolism and reproductive health. It is typically diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria, which requires two of the following: irregular or absent ovulation, elevated androgens, or polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound.
Importantly, PCOS is not just a reproductive condition — it is closely linked to metabolic health, insulin signalling and inflammation.
What Causes PCOS?
PCOS is multifactorial, meaning there is no single cause. Instead, several physiological drivers interact:
1. Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance is one of the most common underlying drivers of PCOS. Elevated insulin levels stimulate the ovaries to produce excess androgens, which can disrupt ovulation.
2. Androgen Excess
Higher levels of androgens (such as testosterone) can impair follicular development, leading to irregular cycles, acne and hirsutism.
3. Dysregulation of the HPO Axis
Altered signalling between the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovaries can lead to increased LH relative to FSH, further contributing to androgen production.
4. Inflammation
Chronic low-grade inflammation may exacerbate insulin resistance and ovarian dysfunction.
5. Gut Microbiome Imbalances
Emerging research suggests that gut dysbiosis may influence insulin sensitivity, oestrogen metabolism and systemic inflammation in PCOS.
Common Symptoms of PCOS
Symptoms can vary significantly between individuals, but may include:
Irregular or absent menstrual cycles
Acne or oily skin
Excess hair growth (hirsutism)
Difficulty ovulating or conceiving
Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
Fatigue
Blood sugar dysregulation or cravings
It is important to note that not all women with PCOS will present with all symptoms.
Can You Have PCOS With Regular Periods?
Yes. Some women may have regular cycles but still meet diagnostic criteria due to elevated androgens and/or polycystic ovarian morphology. This is why a comprehensive assessment — including blood tests is essential.
How Does PCOS Affect Fertility?
PCOS can impact fertility primarily through disrupted ovulation. Elevated insulin and androgen levels can impair follicle maturation, meaning ovulation may not occur consistently.
However, with targeted support, many women with PCOS can successfully ovulate and conceive.
Natural Treatment for PCOS: A Root-Cause Approach
A naturopathic approach focuses on addressing the underlying drivers of PCOS rather than just managing symptoms.
1. Supporting Insulin Sensitivity
Improving insulin sensitivity can reduce androgen production and support ovulation.
Key strategies include:
Balanced meals with protein, healthy fats and fibre
Reducing refined carbohydrates
Incorporating regular movement
2. Nutrient Support for Ovarian Function
Specific nutrients play a role in hormone production and ovulation:
Inositol (supports insulin signalling and ovulation)
Zinc (supports androgen regulation)
Selenium (important for thyroid and reproductive health)
B vitamins (support methylation and hormone metabolism)
3. Gut Microbiome Support
Optimising gut health can support hormone metabolism, inflammation and insulin sensitivity.
This may include:
Increasing dietary fibre
Supporting beneficial bacteria
Addressing dysbiosis where present
For a more personalised, evidence-based approach to restoring gut health and addressing underlying drivers, you can explore my Gut Reset Program.
4. Stress and Cortisol Regulation
Chronic stress can worsen insulin resistance and hormonal imbalance. Supporting the HPA axis is an important component of PCOS management.
If you’re looking to better understand the connection between stress and hormone health, you can explore my Master Your Stress, Balance Your Hormones masterclass for a deeper, evidence-based approach to regulating cortisol and supporting your body.
5. Reducing Inflammation
An anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, such as a Mediterranean-style diet, may help improve metabolic and hormonal outcomes.
Is Medication Always Necessary for PCOS?
Medications such as metformin or the oral contraceptive pill may be used in some cases, particularly where insulin resistance or symptom management is required.
However, they do not address the underlying drivers of PCOS. An approach that includes lifestyle and nutritional support is always beneficial.
When to Seek Support
If you are experiencing irregular cycles, difficulty conceiving, or symptoms of hormone imbalance, a personalised assessment can help identify your specific drivers and guide targeted treatment.
PCOS is a complex but manageable condition. By understanding the underlying mechanisms, including insulin resistance, androgen excess and inflammation, it is possible to support hormone balance, restore ovulation and improve overall health outcomes.
If you’re looking for personalised support with PCOS, fertility or hormone balance, you can book an online consultation for a tailored, evidence-based treatment plan.
A comprehensive, research-based resource for managing PCOS naturally
Are you struggling with irregular cycles, acne, unwanted hair growth, or difficulty getting pregnant? You’re not alone, and there is support available that goes beyond the pill.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) affects 1 in 10 women, yet many are left in the dark about the root causes and what to do next. This guide was created to help you understand your type of PCOS and what you can do naturally to rebalance your hormones, improve your symptoms, and feel empowered in your body again.
What’s Inside?
The 4 types of PCOS (Insulin-Resistant, Post-Pill, Inflammatory, Adrenal)
The key blood tests and how to interpret your results
The most researched dietary approach for PCOS (and why it works)
Practical meal and snack ideas to support insulin and hormone balance
Naturopathic lifestyle strategies to reduce inflammation and stress
Evidence-based herbs and supplements for hormonal and metabolic support with dosages
Who is this for?
This guide is ideal if you:
Suspect you have PCOS and don’t know where to start
Have been diagnosed but feel unsupported or confused
Want natural, evidence-based strategies to manage symptoms
Are planning to conceive and want to optimise your fertility
Are tired of being told to “just go on the pill” or “lose weight”
Why this guide is different
As a women’s health naturopath, I created this resource to bridge the gap between clinical science and holistic care. It’s packed with practical tools, research-backed insights, and strategies that honour the complexity of PCOS while supporting your body gently and effectively.
Whether you’re newly diagnosed or years into your PCOS journey, this guide offers clarity and confidence—without the overwhelm.
Instant Download
You’ll receive:
A beautifully designed, digital guide (PDF format)
Lifetime access so you can return to it anytime
The latest research translated into clear, actionable advice
Ready to take charge of your hormonal health?